ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SEMESTER 7 SYLLABUS

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SEMESTER 7 SYLLABUS

SUBJECTS

EC6701 RF and Microwave Engineering
EC6702 Optical Communication and Networks
EC6703 Embedded and Real Time Systems
Elective II
Elective III
Elective IV
EC6711 Embedded Laboratory
EC6712 Optical and Microwave Laborator

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EC6701 RF and Microwave Engineering

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To inculcate understanding of the basics required for circuit representation of RF networks.
To deal with the issues in the design of microwave amplifier.
To instill knowledge on the properties of various microwave components.
To deal with the microwave generation and microwave measurement techniques

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UNIT I TWO PORT NETWORK THEORY
Review of Low frequency parameters: Impedance, Admittance, Hybrid and ABCD parameters, Different types of interconnection of Two port networks, High Frequency parameters, Formulation of S parameters, Properties of S parameters, Reciprocal and lossless Network, Transmission matrix, RF behavior of Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.

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UNIT II RF AMPLIFIERS AND MATCHING NETWORKS
Characteristics of Amplifiers, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Stabilization Methods, Noise Figure, Constant VSWR, Broadband, High power and Multistage Amplifiers, Impedance matching using discrete components, Two component matching Networks, Frequency response and quality factor, T and Pi Matching Networks, Microstrip Line Matching Networks.

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UNIT III PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MICROWAVE DEVICES
Terminations, Attenuators, Phase shifters, Directional couplers, Hybrid Junctions, Power dividers, Circulator, Isolator, Impedance matching devices: Tuning screw, Stub and quarter wave transformers. Crystal and Schottkey diode detector and mixers, PIN diode switch, Gunn diode oscillator, IMPATT diode oscillator and amplifier, Varactor diode, Introduction to MIC.

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UNIT IV MICROWAVE GENERATION
Review of conventional vacuum Triodes, Tetrodes and Pentodes, High frequency effects in vacuum Tubes, Theory and application of Two cavity Klystron Amplifier, Reflex Klystron oscillator, Traveling wave tube amplifier, Magnetron oscillator using Cylindrical, Linear, Coaxial Voltage tunable Magnetrons, Backward wave Crossed field amplifier and oscillator.

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UNIT V MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS
Measuring Instruments : Principle of operation and application of VSWR meter, Power meter, Spectrum analyzer, Network analyzer, Measurement of Impedance, Frequency, Power, VSWR, Q-factor, Dielectric constant, Scattering coefficients, Attenuation, S-parameters.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Reinhold Ludwig and Gene Bogdanov, “RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications”, Pearson Education Inc., 2011
2. Robert E Colin, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2005
REFERENCES:
1. David M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, Wiley India (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.
2. Thomas H Lee, “Planar Microwave Engineering: A Practical Guide to Theory, Measurements and Circuits”, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
3. Mathew M Radmanesh, “RF and Microwave Electronics”, Prentice Hall, 2000.
4. Annapurna Das and Sisir K Das, “Microwave Engineering”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2005.
SUBJECTS

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EC6702 Optical Communication and Networks

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To Facilitate the knowledge about optical fiber sources and transmission techniques
To Enrich the idea of optical fiber networks algorithm such as SONET/SDH and optical CDMA.
To Explore the trends of optical fiber measurement systems.

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS
Evolution of fiber optic system- Element of an Optical Fiber Transmission link-- Total internal reflection-Acceptance angle –Numerical aperture – Skew rays Ray Optics-Optical Fiber Modes and Configurations -Mode theory of Circular Wave guides- Overview of Modes-Key Modal concepts- Linearly Polarized Modes -Single Mode Fibers-Graded Index fiber structure.

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UNIT II SIGNAL DEGRADATION OPTICAL FIBERS
Attenuation - Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending Losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal Distortion in Optical Wave guides-Information Capacity determination -Group Delay-Material Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Signal distortion in SM fibers-Polarization Mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion, Pulse Broadening in GI fibers-Mode Coupling -Design Optimization of SM fibers-RI profile and cut-off wavelength.

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UNIT III FIBER OPTICAL SOURCES AND COUPLING
Direct and indirect Band gap materials-LED structures -Light source materials -Quantum efficiency and LED power, Modulation of a LED, lasers Diodes-Modes and Threshold condition -Rate equations -External Quantum efficiency -Resonant frequencies -Laser Diodes, Temperature effects, Introduction to Quantum laser, Fiber amplifiers- Power Launching and coupling, Lencing schemes, Fiber -to- Fiber joints, Fiber splicing-Signal to Noise ratio , Detector response time.

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UNIT IV FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER AND MEASUREMENTS
Fundamental receiver operation, Pre amplifiers, Error sources – Receiver Configuration– Probability of Error – Quantum limit.Fiber Attenuation measurements- Dispersion measurements – Fiber Refractive index profile measurements – Fiber cut- off Wave length Measurements – Fiber Numerical Aperture Measurements – Fiber diameter measurements.

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UNIT V OPTICAL NETWORKS AND SYSTEM TRANSMISSION
Basic Networks – SONET / SDH – Broadcast – and –select WDM Networks –Wavelength Routed Networks – Non linear effects on Network performance –-Link Power budget -Rise time budget- Noise Effects on System Performance-Operational Principles of WDM Performance of WDM + EDFA system – Solutions – Optical CDMA – Ultra High Capacity Networks.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gerd Keiser, "Optical Fiber Communication" Mc Graw -Hill International, 4th Edition., 2010.
2. John M. Senior , “Optical Fiber Communication”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Ramaswami, Sivarajan and Sasaki “Optical Networks”, Morgan Kaufmann, 2009.
2. J.Senior, "Optical Communication, Principles and Practice", Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition, 2008.
3. J.Gower, "Optical Communication System", Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
SUBJECTS

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EC6703 Embedded and Real Time Systems

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
The student should be made to:
Learn the architecture and programming of ARM processor.
Be familiar with the embedded computing platform design and analysis.
Be exposed to the basic concepts of real time Operating system.
Learn the system design techniques and networks for embedded systems

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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED COMPUTING AND ARM PROCESSORS
Complex systems and micro processors– Embedded system design process –Design example: Model train controller- Instruction sets preliminaries - ARM Processor – CPU: programming input and output- supervisor mode, exceptions and traps – Co-processors- Memory system mechanisms – CPU performance- CPU power consumption.

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UNIT II EMBEDDED COMPUTING PLATFORM DESIGN
The CPU Bus-Memory devices and systems–Designing with computing platforms – consumer electronics architecture – platform-level performance analysis - Components for embedded programs- Models of programs- Assembly, linking and loading – compilation techniques- Program level performance analysis – Software performance optimization – Program level energy and power analysis and optimization – Analysis and optimization of program size- Program validation and testing.

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UNIT III PROCESSES AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
Introduction – Multiple tasks and multiple processes – Multirate systems- Preemptive real-time operating systems- Priority based scheduling- Interprocess communication mechanisms – Evaluating operating system performance- power optimization strategies for processes – Example Real time operating systems-POSIX-Windows CE.

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UNIT IV SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNIQUES AND NETWORKS
Design methodologies- Design flows - Requirement Analysis – Specifications-System analysis and architecture design – Quality Assurance techniques- Distributed embedded systems – MPSoCs and shared memory multiprocessors.

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UNIT V CASE STUDY
Data compressor - Alarm Clock - Audio player - Software modem-Digital still camera - Telephone answering machine-Engine control unit – Video accelerator.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Marilyn Wolf, “Computers as Components - Principles of Embedded Computing System Design”, Third Edition “Morgan Kaufmann Publisher (An imprint from Elsevier), 2012.
REFERENCES:
1. Jonathan W.Valvano, “Embedded Microcomputer Systems Real Time Interfacing”, Third Edition Cengage Learning, 2012.
2. David. E. Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, 1st Edition, Fifth Impression, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2007.
3. Raymond J.A. Buhr, Donald L.Bailey, “An Introduction to Real-Time Systems- From Design to Networking with C/C++”, Prentice Hall, 1999.
4. C.M. Krishna, Kang G. Shin, “Real-Time Systems”, International Editions, Mc Graw Hill 1997
5. K.V.K.K.Prasad, “Embedded Real-Time Systems: Concepts, Design & Programming”, Dream Tech Press, 2005.
6. Sriram V Iyer, Pankaj Gupta, “Embedded Real Time Systems Programming”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2004.
SUBJECTS

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Elective II

5. EC6004 Satellite Communication
6. EC6005 Electronic Testing
7. EC6006 Avionics
8. CS6012 Soft Computing
9. IT6005 Digital Image Processing
REFER ELECTIVE SECTION
SUBJECTS

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Elective III

10. EC6007 Speech Processing
11. EC6008 Web Technology
12. EC6009 Advanced Computer Architecture
13. EC 6010 Electronics Packaging
14. EC6011 Electro Magnetic Interference and Compatibility
REFER ELECTIVE SECTION
SUBJECTS

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Elective IV

15. EC6012 CMOS Analog IC Design
16. EC6013 Advanced Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
17. EC6014 Cognitive Radio
18. EC6015 Radar and Navigational Aids
19. EC6016 Opto Electronic Devices
REFER ELECTIVE SECTION
SUBJECTS

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EC6711 Embedded Laboratory

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES:
The student should be made to:
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Study of ARM evaluation system
2. Interfacing ADC and DAC.
3. Interfacing LED and PWM.
4. Interfacing real time clock and serial port.
5. Interfacing keyboard and LCD.
6. Interfacing EPROM and interrupt.
7. Mailbox.
8. Interrupt performance characteristics of ARM and FPGA.
9. Flashing of LEDS.
10. Interfacing stepper motor and temperature sensor.
11. Implementing zigbee protocol with ARM.
SUBJECTS

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EC6712 Optical and Microwave Laborator

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES:
The student should be made to:
1. Understand the working principle of optical sources, detector, fibers and microwave components
2. Develop understanding of simple optical communication link.
3. Learn about the characteristics and measurements in optical fiber
4. Know about the behavior of microwave components.
5. Practice microwave measurement procedures LIST OF EXPERIMENTS OPTICAL EXPERIMENTS
1. DC Characteristics of LED and PIN Photo diode
2. Mode Characteristics of Fibers
3. Measurement of connector and bending losses
4. Fiber optic Analog and Digital Link- frequency response(analog) and eye diagram (digital)
5. Numerical Aperture determination for Fibers
6. Attenuation Measurement in Fibers
MICROWAVE EXPERIMENTS
1. Reflex klystron or Gunn diode characteristics and basic microwave parameter measurement such as VSWR, frequency, wavelength.
2. Directional Coupler Characteristics.
3. Radiation Pattern of Horn Antenna.
4. S-parameter Measurement of the following microwave components (Isolator, Circulator, E plane Tee, H Plane Tee, Magic Tee)
5. Attenuation and Power Measurement
SUBJECTS