MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER 4 SYLLABUS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER 4 SYLLABUS

SUBJECTS

MA6452 Statistics and Numerical Methods
ME6401 Kinematics of Machinery
ME6402 Manufacturing Technology– II
ME6403 Engineering Materials and Metallurgy
GE6351 Environmental Science and Engineering
ME6404 Thermal Engineering
ME6411 Manufacturing Technology Laboratory–II
ME6412 Thermal Engineering Laboratory - I
CE6315 Strength of Materials Laboratory

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MA6452 Statistics and Numerical Methods

L T P C
3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVES:
This course aims at providing the necessary basic concepts of a few statistical and numerical methods and give procedures for solving numerically different kinds of problems occurring in engineering and technology.

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UNIT I TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Large sample test based on Normal distribution for single mean and difference of means - Tests based on t, ? 2 and F distributions for testing means and variances – Contingency table (Test for Independency) – Goodness of fit.

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UNIT II DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
One way and two way classifications - Completely randomized design – Randomized block design – Latin square design - 22 factorial design.

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UNIT III SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS
Newton Raphson method – Gauss elimination method – pivoting – Gauss Jordan methods – Iterative methods of Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel – Matrix inversion by Gauss Jordan method – Eigen values of a matrix by power method.

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UNIT IV INTERPOLATION, NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
Lagrange’s and Newton’s divided difference interpolations – Newton’s forward and backward difference interpolation – Approximation of derivates using interpolation polynomials – Numerical single and double integrations using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rules.

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UNIT V NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Taylor’s series method – Euler’s method – Modified Euler’s method – Fourth order Runge-Kutta method for solving first order equations – Milne’s predictor corrector methods for solving first order equations – Finite difference methods for solving second order equations.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Johnson. R.A., and Gupta. C.B., "Miller and Freund’s Probability and Statistics for Engineers", 11th Edition, Pearson Education, , Asia, 2011.
2. Grewal. B.S., and Grewal. J.S., "Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science", 9th Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Walpole. R.E., Myers. R.H., Myers. S.L., and Ye. K., "Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists", 8th Edition, Pearson Education, Asia, 2007.
2. Spiegel. M.R., Schiller. J., and Srinivasan. R.A., "Schaum’s Outlines on Probability and Statistics", Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2004.
3. Chapra. S.C., and Canale. R.P, "Numerical Methods for Engineers", 5th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2007.
4. Gerald. C.F., and Wheatley. P.O. "Applied Numerical Analysis" Pearson Education, Asia, New Delhi, 2006.
SUBJECTS

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ME6401 Kinematics of Machinery

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the basic components and layout of linkages in the assembly of a system / machine.
To understand the principles in analyzing the assembly with respect to the displacement, velocity, and acceleration at any point in a link of a mechanism.
To understand the motion resulting from a specified set of linkages, design few linkage mechanisms and cam mechanisms for specified output motions.
To understand the basic concepts of toothed gearing and kinematics of gear trains and the effects of friction in motion transmission and in machine components.

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UNIT I BASICS OF MECHANISMS
Classification of mechanisms – Basic kinematic concepts and definitions – Degree of freedom, Mobility – Kutzbach criterion, Gruebler’s criterion – Grashof’s Law – Kinematic inversions of four-bar chain and slider crank chains – Limit positions – Mechanical advantage – Transmission Angle – Description of some common mechanisms – Quick return mechanisms, Straight line generators, Universal Joint – rocker mechanisms.

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UNIT II KINEMATICS OF LINKAGE MECHANISMS
Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of simple mechanisms – Graphical method– Velocity and acceleration polygons – Velocity analysis using instantaneous centres – kinematic analysis of simple mechanisms – Coincident points – Coriolis component of Acceleration – Introduction to linkage synthesis problem.

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UNIT III KINEMATICS OF CAM MECHANISMS
Classification of cams and followers – Terminology and definitions – Displacement diagrams –Uniform velocity, parabolic, simple harmonic and cycloidal motions – Derivatives of follower motions – Layout of plate cam profiles – Specified contour cams – Circular arc and tangent cams – Pressure angle and undercutting – sizing of cams.

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UNIT IV GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS
Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur Gear terminology and definitions –Gear tooth action – contact ratio – Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and Pinion gears [Basics only]. Gear trains – Speed ratio, train value – Parallel axis gear trains – Epicyclic Gear Trains.

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UNIT V FRICTION IN MACHINE ELEMENTS
Surface contacts – Sliding and Rolling friction – Friction drives – Friction in screw threads –Bearings and lubrication – Friction clutches – Belt and rope drives – Friction in brakes- Band and Block brakes.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Uicker, J.J., Pennock G.R and Shigley, J.E., “Theory of Machines and Mechanisms”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2009.
2. Rattan, S.S, “Theory of Machines”, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.
REFERENCES:
1. Thomas Bevan, "Theory of Machines", 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, 2005.
2. Cleghorn. W. L, “Mechanisms of Machines”, Oxford University Press, 2005
3. Robert L. Norton, "Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.
4. Allen S. Hall Jr., “Kinematics and Linkage Design”, Prentice Hall, 1961
5. Ghosh. A and Mallick, A.K., “Theory of Mechanisms and Machines", Affiliated East-West Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
6. Rao.J.S. and Dukkipati.R.V. "Mechanisms and Machine Theory", Wiley-Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1992.
7. John Hannah and Stephens R.C., "Mechanics of Machines", Viva Low-Prices Student Edition, 1999.
8. Ramamurthi. V, "Mechanics of Machines", Narosa Publishing House, 2002.
9. Khurmi, R.S., ”Theory of Machines”,14th Edition, S Chand Publications, 2005
10. Sadhu Sigh : Theory of Machines, "Kinematics of Machine", Third Edition, Pearson Education, 2012
SUBJECTS

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ME6402 Manufacturing Technology– II

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the concept and basic mechanics of metal cutting, working of standard machine tools such as lathe, shaping and allied machines, milling, drilling and allied machines, grinding and allied machines and broaching.
To understand the basic concepts of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) of machine tools and CNC Programming

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UNIT I THEORY OF METAL CUTTING
Mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting tools – nomenclature, orthogonal metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear, tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability.

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UNIT II TURNING MACHINES
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic screw type – multi spindle:

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UNITIII SHAPER, MILLING AND GEAR CUTTING MACHINES
Shaper - Types of operations. Drilling ,reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling ,hobbing and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.

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UNIT IV ABRASIVE PROCESS AND BROACHING
Abrasive processes: grinding wheel – specifications and selection, types of grinding process– cylindrical grinding, surface grinding, centreless grinding and internal grinding- Typical applications – concepts of surface integrity, broaching machines: broach construction – push, pull, surface and continuous broaching machines

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UNIT V CNC MACHINING
Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hajra Choudhury, "Elements of Workshop Technology", Vol.II., Media Promoters
2. Rao. P.N “Manufacturing Technology - Metal Cutting and Machine Tools", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Richerd R Kibbe, John E. Neely, Roland O. Merges and Warren J.White “Machine Tool Practices”, Prentice Hall of India, 1998
2. HMT, "Production Technology", Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.
3. Geofrey Boothroyd, "Fundamentals of Metal Machining and Machine Tools", Mc Graw Hill, 1984
4. Roy. A.Lindberg, “Process and Materials of Manufacture,” Fourth Edition, PHI/Pearson Education 2006.
SUBJECTS

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ME6403 Engineering Materials and Metallurgy

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To impart knowledge on the structure, properties, treatment, testing and applications of metals and non-metallic materials so as to identify and select suitable materials for various engineering applications.

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UNIT I ALLOYS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS
Constitution of alloys – Solid solutions, substitutional and interstitial – phase diagrams, Isomorphous, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic, and peritectoid reactions, Iron – carbon equilibrium diagram. Classification of steel and cast Iron microstructure, properties and application.

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UNIT II HEAT TREATMENT
Definition – Full annealing, stress relief, recrystallisation and spheroidising – normalising, hardening and Tempering of steel. Isothermal transformation diagrams – cooling curves superimposed on I.T. diagram CCR – Hardenability, Jominy end quench test - Austempering, martempering – case hardening, carburizing, Nitriding, cyaniding, carbonitriding – Flame and Induction hardening – Vacuum and Plasma hardening. .

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UNIT III FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALS
Effect of alloying additions on steel- a and ß stabilisers– stainless and tool steels – HSLA, Maraging steels – Cast Iron - Grey, white, malleable, spheroidal – alloy cast irons, Copper and copper alloys – Brass, Bronze and Cupronickel – Aluminium and Al-Cu – precipitation strengthening treatment – Bearing alloys, Mg-alloys, Ni-based super alloys and Titanium alloys.

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UNIT IV NON-METALLIC MATERIALS
Polymers – types of polymer, commodity and engineering polymers – Properties and applications of various thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers (PP, PS, PVC, PMMA, PET,PC, PA, ABS, PI, PAI, PPO, PPS, PEEK, PTFE, Polymers – Urea and Phenol formaldehydes)- Engineering Ceramics – Properties and applications of Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, PSZ and SIALON –Composites-Classifications- Metal Matrix and FRP - Applications of Composites.

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UNIT V MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DEFORMATION MECHANISMS
Mechanisms of plastic deformation, slip and twinning – Types of fracture – Testing of materials under tension, compression and shear loads – Hardness tests (Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell), hardness tests, Impact test lzod and charpy, fatigue and creep failure mechanisms.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Avner,, S.H., “Introduction to Physical Metallurgy”, McGraw Hill Book Company,1994.
2. Williams D Callister, “Material Science and Engineering” Wiley India Pvt Ltd, Revised Indian Edition 2007
REFERENCES:
1. Raghavan.V, “Materials Science and Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1999.
2. Kenneth G.Budinski and Michael K. Budinski, “Engineering Materials”, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 4th Indian Reprint 2002.
3. Upadhyay. G.S. and Anish Upadhyay, “Materials Science and Engineering”, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.
4. U.C.Jindal : Material Science and Metallurgy, "Engineering Materials and Mettalurgy", First Edition, Dorling Kindersley, 2012
SUBJECTS

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GE6351 Environmental Science and Engineering

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To the study of nature and the facts about environment.
To find and implement scientific, technological, economic and political solutions to environmental problems.
To study the interrelationship between living organism and environment.
To appreciate the importance of environment by assessing its impact on the human world; envision the surrounding environment, its functions and its value.
To study the dynamic processes and understand the features of the earth’s interior and surface.
To study the integrated themes and biodiversity, natural resources, pollution control and waste management.

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UNIT I ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
Definition, scope and importance of Risk and hazards; Chemical hazards, Physical hazards, Biological hazards in the environment – concept of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers-Oxygen cycle and Nitrogen cycle – energy flow in the ecosystem – ecological succession processes – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Field study of common plants, insects, birds Field study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

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UNIT II ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Definition – causes, effects and control measures of: (a) Air pollution (Atmospheric chemistry- Chemical composition of the atmosphere; Chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere - formation of smog, PAN, acid rain, oxygen and ozone chemistry;- Mitigation procedures- Control of particulate and gaseous emission, Control of SO2, NOX, CO and HC) (b) Water pollution : Physical and chemical properties of terrestrial and marine water and their environmental significance; Water quality parameters – physical, chemical and biological; absorption of heavy metals - Water treatment processes. (c) Soil pollution - soil waste management: causes, effects and control measures of municipal solid wastes – (d) Marine pollution (e) Noise pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards–role of an individual in prevention of pollution – pollution case studies – Field study of local polluted site – Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural.

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UNIT III NATURAL RESOURCES
Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies- timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people – Water resources: Use and overutilization of surface and ground water, dams-benefits and problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies – Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies – Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Energy Conversion processes – Biogas – production and uses, anaerobic digestion; case studies – Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification – role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Introduction to Environmental Biochemistry: Proteins –Biochemical degradation of pollutants, Bioconversion of pollutants. Field study of local area to document environmental assets – river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain.

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UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy – water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns, case studies – role of non-governmental organizationenvironmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions – 12 Principles of green chemistry- nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies. – wasteland reclamation – consumerism and waste products – environment production act – Air act – Water act – Wildlife protection act – Forest conservation act – The Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules; 1998 and amendments- scheme of labeling of environmentally friendly products (Ecomark). enforcement machinery involved in environmental legislation- central and state pollution control boards- disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Public awareness.

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UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Population growth, variation among nations – population explosion – family welfare programme – environment and human health – human rights – value education – HIV / AIDS – women and child welfare –Environmental impact analysis (EIA)- -GIS-remote sensing-role of information technology in environment and human health – Case studies.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gilbert M.Masters, ‘Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science’, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education 2004.
2. Benny Joseph, ‘Environmental Science and Engineering’, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, New Delhi, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. R.K. Trivedi, “Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standard”, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media.
2. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, ‘Environmental Encyclopedia’,Jaico Publ.,House, Mumbai, 2001.
3. Dharmendra S. Sengar, ‘Environmental law’, Prentice Hall of India PVT LTD, New Delhi, 2007.
4. Rajagopalan, R, ‘Environmental Studies-From Crisis to Cure’, Oxford University Press 2005.
SUBJECTS

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ME6404 Thermal Engineering

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To integrate the concepts, laws and methodologies from the first course in thermodynamics into analysis of cyclic processes
To apply the thermodynamic concepts into various thermal application like IC engines, Steam Turbines, Compressors and Refrigeration and Air conditioning systems
(Use of standard refrigerant property data book, Steam Tables, Mollier diagram and Psychrometric chart permitted)

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UNIT I GAS POWER CYCLES
Otto, Diesel, Dual, Brayton cycles, Calculation of mean effective pressure, and air standard efficiency - Comparison of cycles.

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UNIT II INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Classification - Components and their function. Valve timing diagram and port timing diagram - actual and theoretical p-V diagram of four stroke and two stroke engines. Simple and complete Carburettor. MPFI, Diesel pump and injector system. Battery and Magneto Ignition System - Principles of Combustion and knocking in SI and CI Engines. Lubrication and Cooling systems. Performance calculation.

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UNIT III STEAM NOZZLES AND TURBINES
Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio, supersaturated flow. Impulse and Reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagram for simple and multi-stage turbines, speed regulations –Governors.

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UNIT IV AIR COMPRESSOR
Classification and working principle of various types of compressors, work of compression with and without clearance, Volumetric efficiency, Isothermal efficiency and Isentropic efficiency of reciprocating compressors, Multistage air compressor and inter cooling –work of multistage air compressor

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UNIT V REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Refrigerants - Vapour compression refrigeration cycle- super heat, sub cooling – Performance calculations - working principle of vapour absorption system, Ammonia –Water, Lithium bromide – water systems (Description only) . Air conditioning system - Processes, Types and Working Principles. - Concept of RSHF, GSHF, ESHF- Cooling Load calculations.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Rajput. R. K., “Thermal Engineering” S.Chand Publishers, 2000
2. Kothandaraman.C.P., Domkundwar. S,Domkundwar. A.V., “A course in thermal Engineering",
Fifth Edition, ”Dhanpat Rai & sons , 2002
REFERENCES:
1. Sarkar, B.K,”Thermal Engineering” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers, 2007
2. Arora.C.P, ”Refrigeration and Air Conditioning ,” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers 1994
3. Ganesan V..” Internal Combustion Engines” , Third Edition, Tata Mcgraw-Hill 2007
4. Rudramoorthy, R, “Thermal Engineering “,Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,2003
5. Ramalingam. K.K., "Thermal Engineering", SCITECH Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2009.
SUBJECTS

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ME6411 Manufacturing Technology Laboratory–II

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES:
To Study and acquire knowledge on various basic machining operations in special purpose machines and its applications in real life manufacture of components in the industry
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Contour milling using vertical milling machine
2. Spur gear cutting in milling machine
3. Helical Gear Cutting in milling machine
4. Gear generation in hobbing machine
5. Gear generation in gear shaping machine
6. Plain Surface grinding
7. Cylindrical grinding
8. Tool angle grinding with tool and Cutter Grinder
9. Measurement of cutting forces in Milling / Turning Process
10. CNC Part Programming.
SUBJECTS

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ME6412 Thermal Engineering Laboratory - I

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES:
To study the value timing-V diagram and performance of IC Engines
To Study the characteristics of fuels/Lubricates used in IC Engines
To study the Performance of steam generator/ turbine
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
I.C. ENGINE LAB
1. Valve Timing and Port Timing diagrams.
2. Actual p-v diagrams of IC engines.
3. Performance Test on 4 – stroke Diesel Engine.
4. Heat Balance Test on 4 – stroke Diesel Engine.
5. Morse Test on Multi-cylinder Petrol Engine.
7. Retardation Test on a Diesel Engine.
8. Determination of Flash Point and Fire Point of various fuels / lubricants.
STEAM LAB
1. Study on Steam Generators and Turbines.
2. Performance and Energy Balance Test on a Steam Generator.
3. Performance and Energy Balance Test on Steam Turbine.
SUBJECTS

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CE6315 Strength of Materials Laboratory

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES
To supplement the theoretical knowledge gained in Mechanics of Solids with practical testing for determining the strength of materials under externally applied loads. This would enable the student to have a clear understanding of the design for strength and stiffness
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Tension test on a mild steel rod
2. Double shear test on Mild steel and Aluminium rods
3. Torsion test on mild steel rod
4. Impact test on metal specimen
5. Hardness test on metals - Brinnell and Rockwell Hardness Number
6. Deflection test on beams
7. Compression test on helical springs
8. Strain Measurement using Rosette strain gauge
9. Effect of hardening- Improvement in hardness and impact resistance of steels.
10. Tempering- Improvement Mechanical properties Comparison
(i) Unhardened specimen
(ii) Quenched Specimen and
(iii) Quenched and tempered specimen.
11. Microscopic Examination of
(i) Hardened samples and
(ii) Hardened and tempered samples.
SUBJECTS