ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SEMESTER 4 SYLLABUS

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SEMESTER 4 SYLLABUS

SUBJECTS

MA6451 Probability and Random Processes
EC6401 Electronic Circuits II
EC6402 Communication Theory
EC6403 Electromagnetic Fields
EC6404 Linear Integrated Circuits
EC6405 Control System Engineering
EC6411 Circuit and Simulation Integrated Laboratory
EC6412 Linear Integrated Circuit Laboratory
EE6461 Electrical Engineering and Control System Laboratory

---

---

MA6451 Probability and Random Processes

L T P C
3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVES:
To provide necessary basic concepts in probability and random processes for applications such as random signals, linear systems etc in communication engineering.

---

UNIT I RANDOM VARIABLES
Discrete and continuous random variables – Moments – Moment generating functions – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma and Normal distributions.

---

UNIT II TWO - DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES
Joint distributions – Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation and Linear regression – Transformation of random variables.

---

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESSES
Classification – Stationary process – Markov process - Poisson process – Random telegraph process.

---

UNIT IV CORRELATION AND SPECTRAL DENSITIES
Auto correlation functions – Cross correlation functions – Properties – Power spectral density – Cross spectral density – Properties.

---

UNIT V LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS
Linear time invariant system – System transfer function – Linear systems with random inputs – Auto correlation and Cross correlation functions of input and output.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ibe.O.C., “Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes", Elsevier, 1st Indian Reprint, 2007.
2. Peebles. P.Z., "Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles", Tata Mc Graw Hill, 4th Edition, New Delhi, 2002.
REFERENCES:
1. Yates. R.D. and Goodman. D.J., "Probability and Stochastic Processes", 2nd Edition, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 2012.
2. Stark. H., and Woods. J.W., "Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing", 3rd Edition,Pearson Education, Asia, 2002.
3. Miller. S.L. and Childers. D.G., "Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing and Communications", Academic Press, 2004.
4. Hwei Hsu, "Schaum?s Outline of Theory and Problems of Probability, Random Variables and Random Processes", Tata Mc Graw Hill Edition, New Delhi, 2004.
5. Cooper. G.R., Mc Gillem. C.D., "Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis", 3rd Indian Edition, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2012.
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6401 Electronic Circuits II

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the advantages and method of analysis of feedback amplifiers.
To understand the analysis and design of LC and RC oscillators, amplifiers, multivibrators, and time base generators.

---

UNIT I FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 9 General Feedback Structure – Properties of negative feedback – Basic Feedback Topologies –Feedback amplifiers – Series – Shunt, Series – Series, Shunt – Shunt and Shunt – Series Feedback – Determining the Loop Gain – Stability Problem – Nyquist Plot – Effect of feedback on amplifier poles – Frequency Compensation.

---

UNIT II OSCILLATORS
Classification, Barkhausen Criterion - Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of amplitude, General form of an Oscillator, Analysis of LC oscillators - Hartley, Colpitts,Clapp, Franklin, Armstrong, Tuned collector oscillators, RC oscillators - phase shift –Wienbridge - Twin-T Oscillators, Frequency range of RC and LC Oscillators, Quartz Crystal Construction, Electrical equivalent circuit of Crystal, Miller and Pierce Crystal oscillators, frequency stability of oscillators.

---

UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS
Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits, small signal tuned amplifiers - Analysis of capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier – double tuned amplifier - effect of cascading single tuned and double tuned amplifiers on bandwidth – Stagger tuned amplifiers – large signal tuned amplifiers – Class C tuned amplifier – Efficiency and applications of Class C tuned amplifier - Stability of tuned amplifiers – Neutralization - Hazeltine neutralization method.

---

UNIT IV WAVE SHAPING AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS
RC & RL Integrator and Differentiator circuits – Storage, Delay and Calculation of Transistor Switching Times – Speed-up Capaitor - Diode clippers, Diode comparator - Clampers. Collector coupled and Emitter coupled Astable multivibrator – Monostable multivibrator - Bistable multivibrators - Triggering methods for Bigtable multivibrators - Schmitt trigger circuit

---

UNIT V BLOCKING OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE GENERATORS
UJT saw tooth waveform generator, Pulse transformers – equivalent circuit – response - applications, Blocking Oscillator – Free running blocking oscillator - Astable Blocking Oscillators with base timing – Push-pull Astable blocking oscillator with emitter timing, Frequency control using core saturation, Triggered blocking oscillator – Monostable blocking oscillator with base timing – Monostable blocking oscillator with emitter timing, Time base circuits - Voltage-Time base circuit, Current-Time base circuit – Linearization through adjustment of driving waveform.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Sedra and Smith, “Micro Electronic Circuits”; Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2011.
REFERENCES:
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nasheresky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, 10th Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2008
2. David A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, Fifth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2008.
3. Millman J. and Taub H., “Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms”, TMH, 2000.
4. Millman and Halkias. C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6402 Communication Theory

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the concepts of various analog modulations and their spectral characteristics.
To understand the properties of random process.
To know the effect of noise on communication systems.
To study the limits set by Information Theory.

---

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Generation and detection of AM wave-spectra-DSBSC, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope & complex envelope - SSB and VSB –comparison -Superheterodyne Receiver.

---

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION
Phase and frequency modulation-Narrow Band and Wind band FM - Spectrum - FM modulation and demodulation – FM Discriminator- PLL as FM Demodulator - Transmission bandwidth.

---

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS
Random variables, Central limit Theorem, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean, Correlation & Covariance functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian Process, Transmission of a Random Process Through a LTI filter.

---

UNIT IV NOISE CHARACTERIZATION
Noise sources and types – Noise figure and noise temperature – Noise in cascaded systems. Narrow band noise – PSD of in-phase and quadrature noise –Noise performance in AM systems – Noise performance in FM systems – Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis – Capture effect, threshold effect.

---

UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY
Entropy - Discrete Memoryless channels - Channel Capacity -Hartley - Shannon law - Source coding theorem - Huffman & Shannon - Fano codes
TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.G.Proakis, M.Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems”, Pearson Education 2006.
2. S. Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2005.
REFERENCES:
1. B.P.Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007.
2. B.Sklar, “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd Edition Pearson Education 2007
3. H P Hsu, Schaum Outline Series - “Analog and Digital Communications” TMH 2006
4. Couch.L., "Modern Communication Systems", Pearson, 2001.
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6403 Electromagnetic Fields

L T P C
3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVES:
To impart knowledge on the basics of static electric and magnetic field and the associated laws.
To give insight into the propagation of EM waves and also to introduce the methods in computational electromagnetics.
To make students have depth understanding of antennas, electronic devices, Waveguides is possible.

---

UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD
Vector Algebra, Coordinate Systems, Vector differential operator, Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Divergence theorem, Stokes theorem, Coulombs law, Electric field intensity, Point, Line, Surface and Volume charge distributions, Electric flux density, Gauss law and its applications, Gauss divergence theorem, Absolute Electric potential, Potential difference, Calculation of potential differences for different configurations. Electric dipole, Electrostatic Energy and Energy density.

---

UNIT II CONDUCTORS AND DIELECTRICS
Conductors and dielectrics in Static Electric Field, Current and current density, Continuity equation, Polarization, Boundary conditions, Method of images, Resistance of a conductor, Capacitance, Parallel plate, Coaxial and Spherical capacitors, Boundary conditions for perfect dielectric materials, Poisson?s equation, Laplace?s equation, Solution of Laplace equation, Application of Poisson?s and Laplace?s equations.

---

UNIT III STATIC MAGNETIC FIELDS
Biot -Savart Law, Magnetic field Intensity, Estimation of Magnetic field Intensity for straight and circular conductors, Ampere?s Circuital Law, Point form of Ampere?s Circuital Law, Stokes theorem, Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density, The Scalar and Vector Magnetic potentials, Derivation of Steady magnetic field Laws.

---

UNIT IV MAGNETIC FORCES AND MATERIALS
Force on a moving charge, Force on a differential current element, Force between current elements, Force and torque on a closed circuit, The nature of magnetic materials, Magnetization and permeability, Magnetic boundary conditions involving magnetic fields, The magnetic circuit, Potential energy and forces on magnetic materials, Inductance, Basic expressions for self and mutual inductances, Inductance evaluation for solenoid, toroid, coaxial cables and transmission lines, Energy stored in Magnetic fields.

---

UNIT V TIME VARYING FIELDS AND MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
Fundamental relations for Electrostatic and Magnetostatic fields, Faraday?s law for Electromagnetic induction, Transformers, Motional Electromotive forces, Differential form of Maxwell?s equations, Integral form of Maxwell?s equations, Potential functions, Electromagnetic boundary conditions, Wave equations and their solutions, Poynting?s theorem, Time harmonic fields, Electromagnetic Spectrum.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. William H Hayt and Jr John A Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics” , Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2008
2. Sadiku MH, “Principles of Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press Inc, New Delhi, 2009
REFERENCES:
1. David K Cheng, “Field and Wave Electromagnetics”, Pearson Education Inc, Delhi, 2004
2. John D Kraus and Daniel A Fleisch, “Electromagnetics with Applications”, Mc Graw Hill Book Co, 2005
3. Karl E Longman and Sava V Savov, “Fundamentals of Electromagnetics”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006
4. Ashutosh Pramanic, “Electromagnetism”, Prentice Hall of India , New Delhi, 2006
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6404 Linear Integrated Circuits

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
To learn the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.
To learn the theory of ADC and DAC.
To introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special function ICs.

---

UNIT I BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Current mirror and current sources, Current sources as active loads, Voltage sources, Voltage References, BJT Differential amplifier with active loads, Basic information about op-amps – Ideal Operational Amplifier - General operational amplifier stages -and internal circuit diagrams of IC 741, DC and AC performance characteristics, slew rate, Open and closed loop configurations.

---

UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Sign Changer, Scale Changer, Phase Shift Circuits, Voltage Follower, V-to-I and I-to-V converters, adder, subtractor, Instrumentation amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, Logarithmic amplifier, Antilogarithmic amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Precision rectifier, peak detector, clipper and clamper, Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass Butterworth filters.

---

UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL
Analog Multiplier using Emitter Coupled Transistor Pair - Gilbert Multiplier cell – Variable transconductance technique, analog multiplier ICs and their applications, Operation of the basic PLL, Closed loop analysis, Voltage controlled oscillator, Monolithic PLL IC 565, application of PLL for AM detection, FM detection, FSK modulation and demodulation and Frequency synthesizing.

---

UNIT IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS
Analog and Digital Data Conversions, D/A converter – specifications - weighted resistor type, R-2R Ladder type, Voltage Mode and Current-Mode R ? 2R Ladder types - switches for D/A converters, high speed sample-and-hold circuits, A/D Converters – specifications - Flash type - Successive Approximation type - Single Slope type – Dual Slope type - A/D Converter using Voltage-to-Time Conversion - Over-sampling A/D Converters.

---

UNIT V WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND SPECIAL FUNCTION ICS
Sine-wave generators, Multivibrators and Triangular wave generator, Saw-tooth wave generator, ICL8038 function generator, Timer IC 555, IC Voltage regulators – Three terminal fixed and adjustable voltage regulators - IC 723 general purpose regulator - Monolithic switching regulator, Switched capacitor filter IC MF10, Frequency to Voltage and Voltage to Frequency converters, Audio Power amplifier, Video Amplifier, Isolation Amplifier, Opto-couplers and fibre optic IC.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., 2000.
2. Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits”, 3rd Edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Ramakant A. Gayakwad, “OP-AMP and Linear ICs”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall / Pearson Education, 2001.
2. Robert F.Coughlin, Frederick F.Driscoll, “Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits”, Sixth Edition, PHI, 2001.
3. B.S.Sonde, “System design using Integrated Circuits” , 2nd Edition, New Age Pub, 2001
4. Gray and Meyer, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, Wiley International, 2005.
5. Michael Jacob, “Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits”, Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
6. William D.Stanley, “Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits”, Pearson Education, 2004.
7. S.Salivahanan & V.S. Kanchana Bhaskaran, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, TMH, 2008.
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6405 Control System Engineering

L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the elements of control system and their modeling using various Techniques.
To introduce methods for analyzing the time response, the frequency response and the stability of systems
To introduce the state variable analysis method

---

UNIT I CONTROL SYSTEM MODELING
Basic Elements of Control System – Open loop and Closed loop systems - Differential equation - Transfer function, Modeling of Electric systems, Translational and rotational mechanical systems - Block diagram reduction Techniques - Signal flow graph

---

UNIT II TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Time response analysis - First Order Systems - Impulse and Step Response analysis of second order systems - Steady state errors – P, PI, PD and PID Compensation, Analysis using MATLAB

---

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Frequency Response - Bode Plot, Polar Plot, Nyquist Plot - Frequency Domain specifications from the plots - Constant M and N Circles - Nichol?s Chart - Use of Nichol?s Chart in Control System Analysis. Series, Parallel, series-parallel Compensators - Lead, Lag, and Lead Lag Compensators, Analysis using MATLAB.

---

UNIT IV STABILITY ANALYSIS
Stability, Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, Root Locus Technique, Construction of Root Locus, Stability, Dominant Poles, Application of Root Locus Diagram - Nyquist Stability Criterion - Relative Stability, Analysis using MATLAB

---

UNIT V STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS
State space representation of Continuous Time systems – State equations – Transfer function from State Variable Representation – Solutions of the state equations - Concepts of Controllability and Observability – State space representation for Discrete time systems. Sampled Data control systems – Sampling Theorem – Sampler & Hold – Open loop & Closed loop sampled data systems. TEXTBOOK:
1. J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, “Control System Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 5th Edition, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Benjamin.C.Kuo, “Automatic control systems”, Prentice Hall of India, 7th Edition,1995.
2. M.Gopal, “Control System – Principles and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2002.
3. Schaum?s Outline Series, “Feed back and Control Systems” Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 2007.
4. John J.D?Azzo & Constantine H.Houpis, “Linear Control System Analysis and Design?”, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., 1995.
5. Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, “Modern Control Systems”, Addison – Wesley, 1999.
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6411 Circuit and Simulation Integrated Laboratory

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES:
To gain hands on experience in designing electronic circuits.
To learn simulation software used in circuit design.
To learn the fundamental principles of amplifier circuits
To understand Bias in Amplifier circuits
To differentiate Class A, Class B, Darlington Amplifier, differential Amplifiers.
To study the characteristic of source follower
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF
1. Half and Full wave rectifiers
2. Fixed Bias Amplifier Circuit using BJT.
3. Voltage Divider Bias Circuit – CE configuration.
4. Differential Amplifier Using BJT.
5. Darlington Amplifier.
6. Source Follower with Bootstrapped Circuit.
7. Class A Power Amplifier.
8. Class B Complementary Symmetry Power Amplifier.
SIMULATION USING SPICE:
9. Frequency response of CE amplifier with Emitter resistance.
10. DC response of CS amplifier.
11. Frequency response of Cascode amplifier.
12. Transfer Characteristics of Class B Power Amplifier.
13. Design of a DC Power Supply using rectifier.
SUBJECTS

---

---

EC6412 Linear Integrated Circuit Laboratory

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES:
To expose the students to linear and integrated circuits
To understand the basics of linear integrated circuits and available ICs
To understand characteristics of operational amplifier.
To apply operational amplifiers in linear and nonlinear applications.
To acquire the basic knowledge of special function IC.
To use PICE software for circuit design
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: DESIGN AND TESTING OF
1. Inverting, Non inverting and Differential amplifiers.
2. Integrator and Differentiator.
3. Instrumentation amplifier
4. Active low-pass, High-pass and band-pass filters.
5. Astable & Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using op-amp.
6. Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators using op-amp.
7. Astable and monostable multivibrators using NE555 Timer.
8. PLL characteristics and its use as Frequency Multiplier.
9. DC power supply using LM317 and LM723.
10. Study of SMPS. SIMULATION USING SPICE
1. Simulation of Experiments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
2. D/A and A/D converters (Successive approximation)
3. Analog multiplier
4. CMOS Inverter, NAND and NOR
SUBJECTS

---

---

EE6461 Electrical Engineering and Control System Laboratory

L T P C
0 0 3 2
OBJECTIVES: To provide hands on experience with generators and motors.
To Understand the working of DC/AC motors and generators
To study the characteristics of transducers
To learn the use of transformer
To understand the behavior of linear system through simulation
To gain knowledge of controllers
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Study of DC & AC motor starters
2. Study of three phase circuits
3. Speed Control of DC shunt motor
4. Load Test on DC shunt motor
5. OCC & Load Characteristics of DC shunt generator
6. Transfer Function of separately excited D.C.Generator.
7. Regulation of three phase alternator
8. Open Circuit and Short Circuit test on single phase transformer to draw its equivalent circuit
9. Load test on single-phase transformer
10. Load test on single phase and three-phase Induction motor
11. Measurement of passive elements using Bridge Networks.
12. Study of transducers and characterization.
13. Digital simulation of linear systems.
14. Stability Analysis of Linear system using MATLAB or equivalent Software.
15. Study the effect of P, PI, PID controllers using MATLAB or equivalent Software.
16. Design of Lead and Lag compensator.
SUBJECTS